Ngorongoro crater lies within the Tanzania highlands. The Ngoronngoro Conservation makes up an ecosystem often known as the Serengeti-Ngorongoro-Maasai Mara, bound on the east by the famous Rift Valley and to the west by Serengeti National Park. Though the landscape of Ngorongoro Conservation Zone was formed several million years ago, it continually goes through modern geological processes.
The gneiss, granite outcrops as well as the Ol Doinyo Mountains scattered Serengeti plains several hundred years ago. Twenty million years back, the eastern side of Africa started to rift or simply fault causing the terrain between the fault lines to subside. The land around this area eventually became weak due to the slow thinning and also softening of the earth's crust. The molten substances from within the earth were easily thrust to the surface to form lava plateaus as well as volcanoes. Some of the most ancient volcanoes created are Lemagrut, Oldeani, Ngorongoro, Olmoti, Sirua, Lolmasin, Sadiman, and Empakaai. These volcanoes now form the high cliffs at lake Eyasi. Ngorongoro is believed to have been higher compared to Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. However, its altitude was reduced due to block subsidence where the lava that built a solid lid eventually collapsed leaving an enlarged crater, the caldera we see today. Volcanoes that underwent similar processes as Ngorongoro consist of Emrpakaai and Olmati but the calderas did not actually form as enormously as that of Ngorongoro. There are two fairly recent volcanoes in the area, Ol Doinyo Lanai and Kerimasi. They were formed along the Gregory Rift and lie to the northeast of Empakaai caldera. The Ol Doinyo Lengai Mountain, which is Maasai for Mountain of God, remains to be active and most recently erupted in 1983. The molten rock derived from volcanoes has two major advantages: increasing fertility of soils for crop production outside Ngorongoro Conservation Area as well as maintenance of savanna grasslands which support the largest herds in the world. It does have an additional benefit,- though invaluable - the retention of fossils that archaeologists and paleontologists build up a better comprehension of the origin of man and other creatures that inhabited the part of the world primarily around Olduvai Gorge and Aetolia. Through erosion and deposition the landscape of Ngorongoro Conservation area continues to be gradually transformed though a great deal of of it was formed about two million years ago.
A Ngorongoro safari offers guests an excellent glimpse into this natural spectacle which has retained its origins for a million plus years.
A full day Ngorongoro crater tour starts off as early as six in the morning and will last the whole day with picnic lunch taken on the bottom of the crater.
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